Record Labels
In this, section I will be looking at the four major record labels, and looking at major and independent labels.
Sony Music Entertainment
The company, which evolved into Sony Music, was founded in 1929 as the American Record Corporation (ARC) through the merger of several smaller record companies. In the depths of the Great Depression, the Columbia Phonograph Company (founded in 1888) in the U.S. (including its Okeh Records subsidiary) was acquired by ARC in 1934. ARC was acquired in 1938 by the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) (which itself had been formed by the Columbia Phonograph Company, but then sold off). CBS made Columbia its flagship label with Okeh its subsidiary label while deemphasizing ARC's other labels. CBS founded Epic Records in 1953.
EMI Group
The Electric and Musical Industries Ltd formed in March 1931 from the merger of the UK Columbia Graphophone Company and the Gramophone Company, famous at the time for its record label "His Master's Voice". From its beginning, the company was involved in both the manufacture of recording and playback equipment and the provision of music to play on its machines.
Warner Music Group
Warner Music Group is the third largest business group and family of record labels in the recording industry, making it one of the big four record companies. The current incarnation of the company was formed in 2004 when it was spun off from Time Warner, and as a result, Time Warner no longer retains any ownership. Warner Music Group also has a music publishing arm called Warner/Chappell Music, which is currently one of the world's largest music-publishing companies.
Universal Music Group
Universal Music Group (UMG) is the largest business group and family of record labels in the recording industry. It is the largest of the "big four" record companies by its commanding market share and its multitude of global operations. Universal Music Group is a wholly owned subsidiary of international French media conglomerate Vivendi. Universal Music Group owns a music publisher, Universal Music Publishing Group, which became the world's largest following the acquisition of BMG Music Publishing in May 2007.
Independent Record Label
An independent record label is a record label operating without the funding of or outside the organizations of the major.
Tuesday, 11 May 2010
Tuesday, 27 April 2010
Research Into Target Audience
Research into Target Audience
The target audience for my music video Last Night by Justin Timberlake are people aged around 16-24. Mainly targeting females due to the fact that the artist is a lady man, and he mainly targets females, and also the song is about romance and love and what happened last night.
What The Target Audience Could Wear (Females):
This shows what a girl from 16-24 would generally wear. The target audience of the song would generally be dressed like this because they are young girls, who probably think the artists is good looking and shop in high street places such as River Island and Top Shop.
What The Target Audience Could Wear (Males)
This shows what a male from 16-24 would generally wear. The target audience of the song would be dressed like this because they are young fashionable men. They are materialistic in the form of new fashion trends and buying from shops such as high street places like Per Lui, Foot Asylum, JD Sports and also brand shops such as House of Fraser.
The target audience for my music video Last Night by Justin Timberlake are people aged around 16-24. Mainly targeting females due to the fact that the artist is a lady man, and he mainly targets females, and also the song is about romance and love and what happened last night.
What The Target Audience Could Wear (Females):
This shows what a girl from 16-24 would generally wear. The target audience of the song would generally be dressed like this because they are young girls, who probably think the artists is good looking and shop in high street places such as River Island and Top Shop.
What The Target Audience Could Wear (Males)
This shows what a male from 16-24 would generally wear. The target audience of the song would be dressed like this because they are young fashionable men. They are materialistic in the form of new fashion trends and buying from shops such as high street places like Per Lui, Foot Asylum, JD Sports and also brand shops such as House of Fraser.
Purpose of Music Videos
Purpose of Music Videos
As you can see from the spider gram above, there are many different purposes of a music videos. The main purpose of a music video is to promote the song and artist and make the song memorable, this is used to attract target audience with generic conventions of different music videos.
Spider Gram
To Get Recognition, Build Relationships and Promote Artist:
Music videos are used for the artists to gain recognition, showing losts of close-ups of the artists to build relationships with the audience.
Picture 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgA09CaCmB8 (Music Video)
To Show That Their Wealthy:
Music videos are used for the artists to show how successful and wealthy they are, this makes the audience idolise them.
Picture 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkGQVMN8H8I (Music Video)
To Show Different Generic Conventions and Memorable Videos:
Music videos are also used for some artists to diversify their music videos and become unconventional to gain more memorable videos which are unique and individual.
Picture 3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQCirTog0cs (Music Video)
To Buy Into The Lifestyle of The Artist:
Artists use their music videos, to show their glamorous life and let the audience know what it entails.
Picture 4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhpYdLaQRgQ (Music Video)
Promote Song and Artist
The band/artist logo is shown at the start and end of the music video, in order to help promote the song and further more promote the artist. It is shown in many if not all of their music videos, which helps the public identify them easily.
Picture 4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0QFLZCH3F (Music Video)
As you can see from the spider gram above, there are many different purposes of a music videos. The main purpose of a music video is to promote the song and artist and make the song memorable, this is used to attract target audience with generic conventions of different music videos.
Spider Gram
To Get Recognition, Build Relationships and Promote Artist:
Music videos are used for the artists to gain recognition, showing losts of close-ups of the artists to build relationships with the audience.
Picture 1
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pgA09CaCmB8 (Music Video)
To Show That Their Wealthy:
Music videos are used for the artists to show how successful and wealthy they are, this makes the audience idolise them.
Picture 2
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lkGQVMN8H8I (Music Video)
To Show Different Generic Conventions and Memorable Videos:
Music videos are also used for some artists to diversify their music videos and become unconventional to gain more memorable videos which are unique and individual.
Picture 3
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQCirTog0cs (Music Video)
To Buy Into The Lifestyle of The Artist:
Artists use their music videos, to show their glamorous life and let the audience know what it entails.
Picture 4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mhpYdLaQRgQ (Music Video)
Promote Song and Artist
The band/artist logo is shown at the start and end of the music video, in order to help promote the song and further more promote the artist. It is shown in many if not all of their music videos, which helps the public identify them easily.
Picture 4
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S0QFLZCH3F (Music Video)
Photo Shoot Planning
Photo Shoot Planning
Photo shoot: Song Name & Artist:
Last Night – Justin Timberlake(Reevel Mayi)
Time: 15:30pm
Date: 14/12/09
Location: White Background
Crew: Adam Jones and Andreas Stekkas
Models: Reevel Mayi
Description Crew Member Responsible
Props
Hat and Watch Andreas Stekkas
Lighting
Natural Lighting Adam Jones
Costume
Waistcoat, Tie, White Trainers and Trousers Reevel Mayi
Hair
Short hair Reevel Mayi
Makeup
N/A N/A
Shots Brief description of each shot
Close Up Reevels face looking at the camera.
Mid Shot Mid shot of Reels top half of he’s body, showing he’s costume and also he’s face.
Photo shoot: Song Name & Artist:
Last Night – Justin Timberlake(Reevel Mayi)
Time: 15:30pm
Date: 14/12/09
Location: White Background
Crew: Adam Jones and Andreas Stekkas
Models: Reevel Mayi
Description Crew Member Responsible
Props
Hat and Watch Andreas Stekkas
Lighting
Natural Lighting Adam Jones
Costume
Waistcoat, Tie, White Trainers and Trousers Reevel Mayi
Hair
Short hair Reevel Mayi
Makeup
N/A N/A
Shots Brief description of each shot
Close Up Reevels face looking at the camera.
Mid Shot Mid shot of Reels top half of he’s body, showing he’s costume and also he’s face.
Organisation of Equipment and Time
Organisation of Equipment and Time
Equipment Date Time Location
Camera and Tripod
7/12/09 3:00pm – 7:00pm Reevels House
Camera and Tripod
2/12/09 10:00am – 19:00pm Park
Camera and Tripod
29/11/09 11:00am – 13:00pm School
Camera and Tripod
26/11/09 13:00pm – 16:00pm Reevels House
Equipment Date Time Location
Camera and Tripod
7/12/09 3:00pm – 7:00pm Reevels House
Camera and Tripod
2/12/09 10:00am – 19:00pm Park
Camera and Tripod
29/11/09 11:00am – 13:00pm School
Camera and Tripod
26/11/09 13:00pm – 16:00pm Reevels House
Music Genres
Music Genres
Here below are a list of the main music genres we see today and some artists who represent that type of genre:
Pop – Michael Jackson
Garage - DJ Luck and MC Neat
Drum + Bass
RnB - Usher
Jazz - OutKast
Rock - Nickleback
Rap - Eminem
Grime - Chipmunk
Heavy Metal – Slipknot
Hip Hop – Black Eyed Peas
Funky House – K.I.G
Bashment – Vybez Kartel
Blues – Blues Brothers
Soul – Whitney Houston
Reggae – Bob Marley
RnB
The genre I have chosen for my music video is RnB. RnB which stands for Rhythm and Blues. The reason why I have picked RnB is due to the fact that it’s the type of music which interests me the most, and is the type of Music which I listen to regularly. There are two main types of RnB songs, firstly is were song’s contains rap in it, which has lyrics about money, and wealthy things and high status’s. Secondly there are songs which are based around love and romance which are also referred to as “Slow Jamz”.
There are many generic conventions for an RnB music video. The main generic convention which is related to and RnB music video, is were the artist is seen with money and wealthy things. The reason why the artist is seen with wealthy things, and money is because the artist generally likes the audience to believe that the artist has a high status and is a wealthy person. The way in which the artist symbolises that they have money, is by wearing big jewellery, expensive brand clothes, big houses, and fast cars.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQHonhYH02E (Music Video)
Another generic convention of an RnB Music video is to feature sexually attracted women/men. This is used to make the artist to look as sexually attractive as possible, to get them attention from the opposite sex. Having sexually attractive people in the video attracts people to watch the video. It can also be used to help consumer to idolise the artist, for example if the artist is portrayed in a successful way with attracted people around them then the audience may want to be like them.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9hazmsUxrM (Music Video)
Funky House
Funky house is a fairly new upcoming genre. There are two main types of Funky House songs, such as firstly a song which has a certain dance attached to it such as “Gracious K – Migraine Skank”, secondly is when the artist is shown in a club scene singing such as “Kyla – Do You Mind”.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00hZQakDhHw (Music Video)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YHC69wa9JA (Music Video)
The generic conventions of this genre suit the songs because Funky House music is usually music played in clubs, and with the dances attached to the songs, people often use them routines at the clubs.
Here below are a list of the main music genres we see today and some artists who represent that type of genre:
Pop – Michael Jackson
Garage - DJ Luck and MC Neat
Drum + Bass
RnB - Usher
Jazz - OutKast
Rock - Nickleback
Rap - Eminem
Grime - Chipmunk
Heavy Metal – Slipknot
Hip Hop – Black Eyed Peas
Funky House – K.I.G
Bashment – Vybez Kartel
Blues – Blues Brothers
Soul – Whitney Houston
Reggae – Bob Marley
RnB
The genre I have chosen for my music video is RnB. RnB which stands for Rhythm and Blues. The reason why I have picked RnB is due to the fact that it’s the type of music which interests me the most, and is the type of Music which I listen to regularly. There are two main types of RnB songs, firstly is were song’s contains rap in it, which has lyrics about money, and wealthy things and high status’s. Secondly there are songs which are based around love and romance which are also referred to as “Slow Jamz”.
There are many generic conventions for an RnB music video. The main generic convention which is related to and RnB music video, is were the artist is seen with money and wealthy things. The reason why the artist is seen with wealthy things, and money is because the artist generally likes the audience to believe that the artist has a high status and is a wealthy person. The way in which the artist symbolises that they have money, is by wearing big jewellery, expensive brand clothes, big houses, and fast cars.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TQHonhYH02E (Music Video)
Another generic convention of an RnB Music video is to feature sexually attracted women/men. This is used to make the artist to look as sexually attractive as possible, to get them attention from the opposite sex. Having sexually attractive people in the video attracts people to watch the video. It can also be used to help consumer to idolise the artist, for example if the artist is portrayed in a successful way with attracted people around them then the audience may want to be like them.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=N9hazmsUxrM (Music Video)
Funky House
Funky house is a fairly new upcoming genre. There are two main types of Funky House songs, such as firstly a song which has a certain dance attached to it such as “Gracious K – Migraine Skank”, secondly is when the artist is shown in a club scene singing such as “Kyla – Do You Mind”.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=00hZQakDhHw (Music Video)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YHC69wa9JA (Music Video)
The generic conventions of this genre suit the songs because Funky House music is usually music played in clubs, and with the dances attached to the songs, people often use them routines at the clubs.
Michel Gondry and Chris Cunningham
Michel Gondry
Michel Gondry (born May 8, 1963) is a French film, commercial and music video director and an Academy Award-winning screenwriter. He is noted for his inventive visual style and manipulation of mise en scene.
Gondry has a unique style, were he makes unusual and unconventional music videos. Gondry has said that he’s music video ideas come from he’s life experiences and also hes dreams.
Gondry has made a famous video for “Kylie Minougue – Come Into My World”. Were Kylie was seen repeating herself around the same place in the video but as she went round another one of her appeared. This was unique and didn’t follow the generic convetions of a typical pop music video.
This picture shows thevideo which Michel Gondry directed and produced.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQCirTog0cs (Music Video)
Chris Cunningham
Chris Cunningham is an English music video film director and video artist. He was born in Reading, Berkshire in 1970 and grew up in Lakenheath, Suffolk.
Cunningham’s style also unconventional, and he’s ideas are from hes visions. Hes music videos are arguably scary and frightning as it has a lot of weird thigns going on such as differnet creatures and monsters and slow editing.
His video for Bjork's "All Is Full of Love" won multiple awards, including an MTV music video award for Breakthrough Video and was nominated for a Grammy for Best Short Form Music Video. It was also the first ever music video to win a Gold Pencil at the D&AD Awards.
Cunningham has made a musci video for “Madonna – Frozen” where Madonna was viewed in a black dress in the middle of nowhere looking like a witch. Her body changes from herself into birds flying away.
This picture shows the video that Chris Cunningham made for Madonna.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXFHf8xZ1CA (Music Video)
Unconventional Music Videos
Unconventional Videos are used to be unique from others, and gain more publicity. Unconventional videos can be seemed as bad for newly artists because they do not have much fans, and and unconventional video may not be what the audience like. However for established stars such as Kylie Monugue and Madonna unconventional videos can be used to gain more publicity and get more fans, as they aleady hav a large fan base. Even if you’re a star and your unconventional video is nto a success, you will still have your other hits to fall back on.
Advantages for Diversity Music Videos
o Memorable videos which are individual
o Give the artist intellectual sense
o Artist can have a niche audience
o Abstract comes to life
This picture shows the music video of Around The World from Daft Punk. This video gave Daft Punk recognition because it was a music video which was unique.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFwQoqbWgSs (Music Video)
Disadvantages for Diversity Music Videos
o Limited target audience
o No relationship built between artist and audience.
o Some members of the audience may find the videos to bizarre and lose interest in the artist.
The video Come To Daddy bt the Aphex Twins, was arguably to bizzare and therefore meant that people lost interest In the artist.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe-XNav5mWU (Music Video)
Michel Gondry (born May 8, 1963) is a French film, commercial and music video director and an Academy Award-winning screenwriter. He is noted for his inventive visual style and manipulation of mise en scene.
Gondry has a unique style, were he makes unusual and unconventional music videos. Gondry has said that he’s music video ideas come from he’s life experiences and also hes dreams.
Gondry has made a famous video for “Kylie Minougue – Come Into My World”. Were Kylie was seen repeating herself around the same place in the video but as she went round another one of her appeared. This was unique and didn’t follow the generic convetions of a typical pop music video.
This picture shows thevideo which Michel Gondry directed and produced.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vQCirTog0cs (Music Video)
Chris Cunningham
Chris Cunningham is an English music video film director and video artist. He was born in Reading, Berkshire in 1970 and grew up in Lakenheath, Suffolk.
Cunningham’s style also unconventional, and he’s ideas are from hes visions. Hes music videos are arguably scary and frightning as it has a lot of weird thigns going on such as differnet creatures and monsters and slow editing.
His video for Bjork's "All Is Full of Love" won multiple awards, including an MTV music video award for Breakthrough Video and was nominated for a Grammy for Best Short Form Music Video. It was also the first ever music video to win a Gold Pencil at the D&AD Awards.
Cunningham has made a musci video for “Madonna – Frozen” where Madonna was viewed in a black dress in the middle of nowhere looking like a witch. Her body changes from herself into birds flying away.
This picture shows the video that Chris Cunningham made for Madonna.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zXFHf8xZ1CA (Music Video)
Unconventional Music Videos
Unconventional Videos are used to be unique from others, and gain more publicity. Unconventional videos can be seemed as bad for newly artists because they do not have much fans, and and unconventional video may not be what the audience like. However for established stars such as Kylie Monugue and Madonna unconventional videos can be used to gain more publicity and get more fans, as they aleady hav a large fan base. Even if you’re a star and your unconventional video is nto a success, you will still have your other hits to fall back on.
Advantages for Diversity Music Videos
o Memorable videos which are individual
o Give the artist intellectual sense
o Artist can have a niche audience
o Abstract comes to life
This picture shows the music video of Around The World from Daft Punk. This video gave Daft Punk recognition because it was a music video which was unique.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JFwQoqbWgSs (Music Video)
Disadvantages for Diversity Music Videos
o Limited target audience
o No relationship built between artist and audience.
o Some members of the audience may find the videos to bizarre and lose interest in the artist.
The video Come To Daddy bt the Aphex Twins, was arguably to bizzare and therefore meant that people lost interest In the artist.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pe-XNav5mWU (Music Video)
History of Music Videos
History of Music Videos
Ways in Which Videos Can Be Consumed
Internet (YouTube, Google Video) MP4 Players
TV (MTV Base, TMF, Kiss)
MP3 Players (IPod) Mobile Phones
Game Consoles (PS3, Xbox 360)
The way in which customers can watch and listen to music videos has increased over the last 30 years. The way in which this is can be proved is because when music videos where first viewed, they were only accessible on a few TV channels. Some of the channels that played music were BBC1, with the show Tops of The Pops.
This is the logo of the show “Top of the Pops” were different artist came on and performed, and music videos were shown. Also the top 20 songs of that week were listed.
However now music videos can be viewed from various places such as internet, to MP3 Players. The main way to show music videos are on the internet and also television. Using internet to watch different music videos means you can specifically type in which music video you would want to see.
This picture shows the new technology that we have now to watch music videos on the internet. You just type in what you want to watch and it gives you a suggestion list and you can watch it.
Nowadays there are dedicated TV channels in which you can watch a centre type of music genre, such as MTV Base is dedicated to RnB and Channel AKA is dedicated to Grime. This has now made accessing music videos and watching them easier, and now people can be very specific in what they watch.
This picture shows the logo of MTV which is dedicated to playing RnB music videos.
This picture shows the logo of Clubland TV which is dedicated to playing garage music videos.
Music videos can be viewed on game consoles, through the internet watching them on sites such as Google Video and You Tube where the consumers types in and searches for their specific video and gets to choose from various different options ranging in quality and remixes.
Music videos accessible on mobile phones have meant that consumers get to watch and listen to their favourite music videos on the go, whilst travelling from place to place. MP3s and MP4s have a similar effect where consumers get to download songs and then listen to them on the go.
This picture shows a music video of “Beyonce” on the Apple Iphone.
Ways in Which Videos Can Be Consumed
Internet (YouTube, Google Video) MP4 Players
TV (MTV Base, TMF, Kiss)
MP3 Players (IPod) Mobile Phones
Game Consoles (PS3, Xbox 360)
The way in which customers can watch and listen to music videos has increased over the last 30 years. The way in which this is can be proved is because when music videos where first viewed, they were only accessible on a few TV channels. Some of the channels that played music were BBC1, with the show Tops of The Pops.
This is the logo of the show “Top of the Pops” were different artist came on and performed, and music videos were shown. Also the top 20 songs of that week were listed.
However now music videos can be viewed from various places such as internet, to MP3 Players. The main way to show music videos are on the internet and also television. Using internet to watch different music videos means you can specifically type in which music video you would want to see.
This picture shows the new technology that we have now to watch music videos on the internet. You just type in what you want to watch and it gives you a suggestion list and you can watch it.
Nowadays there are dedicated TV channels in which you can watch a centre type of music genre, such as MTV Base is dedicated to RnB and Channel AKA is dedicated to Grime. This has now made accessing music videos and watching them easier, and now people can be very specific in what they watch.
This picture shows the logo of MTV which is dedicated to playing RnB music videos.
This picture shows the logo of Clubland TV which is dedicated to playing garage music videos.
Music videos can be viewed on game consoles, through the internet watching them on sites such as Google Video and You Tube where the consumers types in and searches for their specific video and gets to choose from various different options ranging in quality and remixes.
Music videos accessible on mobile phones have meant that consumers get to watch and listen to their favourite music videos on the go, whilst travelling from place to place. MP3s and MP4s have a similar effect where consumers get to download songs and then listen to them on the go.
This picture shows a music video of “Beyonce” on the Apple Iphone.
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